Four COVID-19 vaccine candidates are at different stages of human trials while one, developed by Genique Life Sciences, is in the advanced pre-clinical stage, Union Science and Technology Minister Jitendra Singh said on Tuesday. In a written response to a question in the Rajya Sabha, Singh said Cadila Healthcare Ltd’s DNA-based vaccine candidate is in phase three clinical trial. It has also submitted the interim data for emergency use authorization.

Biological E Ltd’s vaccine candidate is also in phase three clinical trial.

Bharat Biotech International Ltd’s Adeno intranasal vaccine candidate is in phase three clinical trial, while Gennova Biopharmaceuticals Ltd’s mRNA-vaccine candidate is in Phase one clinical trial.