Dr. Gowri Kulkarni, Head of Medical Operations, MediBuddy

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder that affects millions of children worldwide, including India. Characterised by recurring seizures, Epilepsy can significantly impact a child’s health. However, with proper medical management and care, children with Epilepsy can lead stable lives.
Parents need to be well-informed about pediatric epilepsy to ensure proper medical care for their children, given varying healthcare access. Understanding both medical and social aspects is key to supporting affected children and their families.

Understanding Stigma and Lack of Awareness in Indian Society

Despite medical advancements, epilepsy is still widely misunderstood in India. Many communities associate seizures with supernatural forces or possession, leading to social stigma and discrimination against affected children. This lack of awareness often results in delayed diagnosis and treatment, as families may first seek traditional or religious remedies before consulting a doctor. Raising awareness through education and public health campaigns is essential to changing these perceptions and ensuring early medical intervention.

Causes of Paediatric Epilepsy

Paediatric epilepsy can have multiple causes, including genetic factors, brain infections, birth-related complications, and head injuries. In India, conditions such as neonatal hypoxia (lack of oxygen at birth), malnutrition, and untreated infections like meningitis can contribute to epilepsy in children. Timely medical screenings, proper prenatal care, and vaccinations can help reduce the risk of epilepsy in newborns and infants.

Here are the steps that we must take.

1.      Seek Timely Medical Diagnosis –  Early diagnosis is crucial in managing epilepsy. If your child experiences unexplained seizures, consult a paediatric neurologist immediately. Diagnostic tests such as EEGs and MRIs can help identify the type and severity of epilepsy, leading to better treatment decisions. Timely intervention and adherence to medical guidance improve seizure control and overall health outcomes.

2.      Follow the Prescribed Medication Routine Strictly – Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are the primary treatment for epilepsy. Missing doses can trigger seizures, so ensure the child takes medication on time. Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) can sometimes cause side effects like drowsiness, dizziness, or behavioural changes. Regular follow-ups with the neurologist are necessary to monitor the effectiveness and adjust dosages if needed.

1. Address Comorbid Health Conditions – Children with epilepsy may also have other health conditions like learning difficulties, ADHD, or sleep disorders. These comorbidities can worsen seizures if left untreated and may affect the child’s cognitive, social, and emotional development. Interictal depression is the most common psychiatric comorbidity. Early intervention through specialised therapies, behavioural management strategies, and educational support can make a significant difference.
2. Monitor Seizure Patterns and Medical Triggers – Identifying seizure patterns is essential for effective treatment. Maintain a diary to record the date, time, duration, and potential medical triggers of each seizure. Fever, infections, and metabolic imbalances can often trigger seizures in children with epilepsy. Routine blood tests and check-ups should be conducted to detect any underlying health issues that might contribute to seizure activity. Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) can sometimes cause side effects like drowsiness, dizziness, or behavioural changes.
3. Ensure Proper Sleep and Prevent Fatigue – Sleep deprivation and fatigue are common triggers in children with epilepsy. In India, where academic pressure and extracurricular activities often lead to irregular sleep patterns, it is essential to prioritise a consistent sleep schedule for children with epilepsy. Ensure the child gets 8–10 hours of uninterrupted sleep each night. Avoid stimulating activities like excessive screen time before bed, as they can disrupt sleep. Creating a calm and comfortable sleep environment can also help. Fatigue from physical or mental exertion can increase the risk, so balance activities with adequate rest.

Managing epilepsy in children requires a strong focus on medical treatment, timely interventions, and continuous monitoring. In India, where healthcare resources vary, awareness and accessibility play a crucial role in ensuring effective epilepsy management. By addressing these societal challenges and focusing on the medical causes of epilepsy, we can create a more inclusive and supportive environment for children with epilepsy.