A new study has raised important questions about the long term effectiveness of certain knee surgeries commonly performed for meniscal tears, suggesting that the procedure may not always improve outcomes and could potentially contribute to worsening knee osteoarthritis over time.

Researchers found that patients who underwent surgery to remove damaged portions of the meniscus cartilage experienced poorer outcomes over a 10-year follow up period compared to participants who received sham surgery, a procedure in which no cartilage was removed. The findings have renewed debate over the role of surgical intervention in managing degenerative knee conditions.

The meniscus acts as a shock absorber within the knee joint, helping distribute weight and reduce stress on cartilage. Experts say removing damaged meniscal tissue may relieve symptoms in the short term but can also reduce the knee’s natural cushioning ability, potentially accelerating joint wear and osteoarthritis progression.

Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis and a leading cause of disability worldwide. According to global estimates, more than 500 million people are living with osteoarthritis, with the knee being one of the most frequently affected joints. The condition is characterized by cartilage degeneration, pain, stiffness, swelling, and reduced mobility.

Researchers noted that non surgical approaches may offer more sustainable benefits for many patients with degenerative knee disease. Evidence increasingly supports interventions such as structured physiotherapy, muscle strengthening exercises, weight management, physical activity, and lifestyle modifications as first line treatment options.

Healthcare experts emphasize that maintaining a healthy body weight is particularly important, as excess weight places additional stress on knee joints and can accelerate cartilage breakdown. Regular exercise aimed at strengthening surrounding muscles can also improve joint stability and reduce pain.

Orthopaedic specialists caution that surgery may still be necessary in specific cases, particularly when patients experience significant mechanical symptoms, traumatic injuries, or persistent functional limitations. However, the study highlights the need for careful patient selection and informed decision making before proceeding with surgical treatment.

The findings contribute to a growing body of evidence suggesting that long term management of knee osteoarthritis may depend more on preventive care, rehabilitation, and lifestyle interventions than on surgical procedures alone.